Object.entries() returns an array whose elements are arrays corresponding to the enumerable string-keyed property [key, value] pairs found directly upon object. The ordering of the properties is the same as that given by looping over the property values of the object manually.
const obj = { foo: 'bar', baz: 42 };
console.log(Object.entries(obj)); // [ ['foo', 'bar'], ['baz', 42] ]
// array like object
const obj = { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c' };
console.log(Object.entries(obj)); // [ ['0', 'a'], ['1', 'b'], ['2', 'c'] ]
// array like object with random key ordering
const anObj = { 100: 'a', 2: 'b', 7: 'c' };
console.log(Object.entries(anObj)); // [ ['2', 'b'], ['7', 'c'], ['100', 'a'] ]
// getFoo is property which isn't enumerable
const myObj = Object.create({}, { getFoo: { value() { return this.foo; } } });
myObj.foo = 'bar';
console.log(Object.entries(myObj)); // [ ['foo', 'bar'] ]
// non-object argument will be coerced to an object
console.log(Object.entries('foo')); // [ ['0', 'f'], ['1', 'o'], ['2', 'o'] ]
// returns an empty array for any primitive type except for strings (see the above example), since primitives have no own properties
console.log(Object.entries(100)); // [ ]
// iterate through key-value gracefully
const obj = { a: 5, b: 7, c: 9 };
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(obj)) {
console.log(`${key} ${value}`); // "a 5", "b 7", "c 9"
}
// Or, using array extras
Object.entries(obj).forEach(([key, value]) => {
console.log(`${key} ${value}`); // "a 5", "b 7", "c 9"
});
Object.values() returns an array whose elements are the enumerable property values found on the object. The ordering of the properties is the same as that given by looping over the property values of the object manually.
const obj = { foo: 'bar', baz: 42 };
console.log(Object.values(obj)); // ['bar', 42]
// Array-like object
const arrayLikeObj1 = { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c' };
console.log(Object.values(arrayLikeObj1 )); // ['a', 'b', 'c']
// Array-like object with random key ordering
// When using numeric keys, the values are returned in the keys' numerical order
const arrayLikeObj2 = { 100: 'a', 2: 'b', 7: 'c' };
console.log(Object.values(arrayLikeObj2 )); // ['b', 'c', 'a']
// getFoo is property which isn't enumerable
const my_obj = Object.create({}, { getFoo: { value: function() { return this.foo; } } });
my_obj.foo = 'bar';
console.log(Object.values(my_obj)); // ['bar']
// non-object argument will be coerced to an object
console.log(Object.values('foo')); // ['f', 'o', 'o']
The padStart()
method pads the current string with another string (multiple times, if needed) until the resulting string reaches the given length. The padding is applied from the start of the current string.
'abc'.padStart(10); // " abc"
'abc'.padStart(10, "foo"); // "foofoofabc"
'abc'.padStart(6,"123465"); // "123abc"
'abc'.padStart(8, "0"); // "00000abc"
'abc'.padStart(1); // "abc"
The padEnd() method pads the current string with a given string (repeated, if needed) so that the resulting string reaches a given length. The padding is applied from the end of the current string.
'abc'.padEnd(10); // "abc "
'abc'.padEnd(10, "foo"); // "abcfoofoof"
'abc'.padEnd(6, "123456"); // "abc123"
'abc'.padEnd(1); // "abc"
Trailing commas (sometimes called "final commas") can be useful when adding new elements, parameters, or properties to JavaScript code. If you want to add a new property, you can add a new line without modifying the previously last line if that line already uses a trailing comma. This makes version-control diffs cleaner and editing code might be less troublesome.
JavaScript has allowed trailing commas in array literals since the beginning, and later added them to object literals, and more recently, to function parameters and to named imports and named exports.